Preheat oven to 190°C (370°F) or 170°C (340°F) for fan-forced ovens. Grease and line the sides and base of a deep round 24cm (9.5in) spring-form cake tin. To avoid any caramel or batter from leaking out of the tin, you may wish to secure the external base of the tin by wrapping it in foil.
Slice the bananas in half lengthwise, then organise them in the tin's base with the cut side facing down. Take the bananas out of the tin and lay them on a plate in the same arrangement. Doing this will help us quickly organise the bananas into the tin once the caramel is ready.
Place the sugar and water into a medium heavy-based saucepan over medium heat. Gently swerve the pan to help the sugar dissolve. Once the sugar has dissolved, leave the sugar mixture to cook untouched until it turns into a deep amber colour, but do not let it burn. This should take approximately 10 minutes.
Quickly pour the caramel evenly into the base of the tin, working quickly, place banana on top, cut side down. Don't worry too much if it doesn't look perfect because it'll still look pretty.
For the dry ingredients - Sift the flour, cinnamon, cardamom, ginger, clove, baking powder, bi-carb soda and salt together in a large bowl. For the wet ingredients - In a separate bowl, whisk the buttermilk and vanilla until combined. Set both bowls aside.
Using a stand or hand mixer, cream the butter and sugar together at high speed until fluffy and pale. Add in one egg at a time, beating in between to combine. Reduce the speed to medium and pour in the mashed bananas, mix until combined. Reduce the speed to low, add in half of the dry ingredients and half of the wet ingredients, mix until almost combined before adding the remaining dry and wet ingredients. Mix the batter just until it's all combined, but don't over mix it.
Pour the batter into the tin over the sliced bananas and caramel. Place the tin on the bottom shelf of the oven and bake for 30 minutes. Cover the top of the tin loosely with foil to prevent the top of the cake from over-browning. Bake again for 45 minutes or until the cake comes away from the side of the pan and a skewer comes out clean when inserted in the middle. Cool the cake in the tin for 15 minutes before turning it over onto a large plate.